Mid-Term Break Essay

‘Mid-term Break’ was written in 1966 by Seamus Heaney. This poem is autobiographical as it was written about a real event of Heaney’s life. It is about him and his family grieving from the death of his four year old brother. When the tragedy struck he was only fourteen. This poem focuses on how people reacted to the death. The title of this poem is unusual as a mid-term break is normally thought of as a break off school that has been planned beforehand but in the poem it is unexpected. I feel that Heaney is very honest when he writes about how people reacted to the death of his brother. The poem is set into eight stanzas, the first seven contain three lines and the last only contains one. The first stanza is set in the sick bay of what we think is his boarding school. Heaney was waiting on his neighbours to pick him up and take him home. We wonder why he was sitting in a sick bay and not at home with his family. Heaney seemed bored of waiting: â€Å"I sat all morning†¦ counting bells knelling classes to a close.† This phrase ‘counting bells’ suggests that time was passing by slowly. The word ‘all’ is emphasised as if he is really bored and can’t wait to leave the sick bay. The quote also includes alliteration on the letter ‘l’ showing the long chiming of the bells. The connotations of the word ‘knelling’ are it reminds us of funerals and church bells which also suggest something not so nice has happened. Throughout the stanza we wonder what he is waiting for and why the neighbours are picking him up and not his parents, which suggests that something has happened to them which leaves us with an uneasy feeling. The second stanza is set outside the family home on the front porch. When Heaney arrives home he meets his father crying which is unusual for him as his father normally took ‘funerals in his stride.’ Heaney also meets ‘Big Jim Evans’ who is suggested to be a family friend or a farm worker. ‘Big Jim Evans’ makes a tactless comment by saying ‘it was a hard blow.’ On first reading you don’t realise how awkward the situation would be for Heaney after the tactless comment was made. Some people may react very harshly to the comment as it is a very upsetting time for families and friends,  although we only realise the full extent of this gate at the end of the poem. The next three stanzas are set in the living room with many grieving family members and friends paying their respects. These stanzas are joined by enjambment as the poem carries on after each stanza without full stops. As Heaney entered the living room his youngest sibling ‘cooed and laughed and rocked the pram’ in excitement, an activity that seemed out of place for such a sad event. He was also embarrassed by the older men shaking his hand as he walked through the door. He felt very awkward as it was an unusual thing to happen to him. The old me were telling him how sorry they were for his trouble. Strangers where being informed that he was the eldest, away at school. Heaney noticed that they were whispering which would have meant the situation would have been awkward for him. Heaney’s mother took his hand in hers which wasn’t only to comfort him but to comfort her as well. As she held his hand she ‘coughed out angry tearless sighs.’ She was probably very distressed and angry, not only at herself but also the driver who had hit her son. At ten o’clock the ambulance arrived with his brother’s body. In the poem Heaney refers to his brother’s body as ‘the corpse’ which sounds very impersonal and a strange word to use describing a family member. I think Heaney wasn’t allowing himself to believe it was his brother. The body arrived ‘stanched and bandaged by the nurses.’ The next two stanzas are set the next morning upstairs in the bedroom. Throughout these two stanzas Heaney uses personal pronouns but before he had spoken about his brother as another body. Heaney sits alone next to his brother’s body. These two stanzas have a feel of a calm and soft atmosphere which contrasts with the first five stanzas. The first five stanzas have a more awkward, tense and sad atmosphere. In the room the unusual feeling is gone. The metaphor used at the start of stanza seven, ‘wearing a poppy bruise’ reminds us of death and unhappy times. The bruise placed upon his left temple, was probably the same size, shape and colour as a poppy. Heaney uses the word ‘wearing’ to describe his brother’s bruise. By using this word it makes it sound as if it was just there and could be taken off, not something that was permanent and part of his brother. Heaney described his brother as if he was lying in his cot not a coffin. By doing this it conveys  the feeling that he is just asleep, all well and peaceful a bit like a baby. He looks normal as he had ‘no gaudy scars’ on his body. We find out that Heaney hadn’t seen his brother for six weeks and seeing his brother just lying there with no expression of happiness at his arrival must has made him feel angry and extremely sad but still he never shows any personal emotions in the way he writes. The last line of stanza seven is where we find out what happened to the little bot. Heaney’s younger brother had been hit by a ‘bumper’-part of a car-which had ‘knocked him clear’ hence the lack of horrible cuts and scars. As the boy lay In his coffin he was ‘soothed’ by snowdrops and candles which helped to calm and create a peaceful environment for grieving family members. The last stanza of the poem is structured with only one line making it standout and seem important. This stanza is very emotional not just for the family but also for the reader as you find out exactly how old the younger brother was when he was hit by the car. Heaney uses the word ‘box’ which sounds more homely, less threatening, not so much like a coffin. A box makes it sound very small unlike a coffin which is normally quite big. The alliteration on the letter ‘f’ in the last line helps Heaney emphasise the age of the little boy. The last line is placed on its own separated from the rest just like the little boy removed from the world alone by death: ‘A four foot box, a foot for every year.’ The simplicity of the poem’s structure emphasises the emotions that were carried out throughout the poem. During the poem you get the feeling that Heaney is grieving for his younger brother by holding back his emotions because it would be too painful and uncomfortable for him to express it openly. In the first few stanzas Heaney tries to distance himself from everyone and the fact that his brother has passed away by using the word ‘corpse.’ Heaney uses emotionless statements in his first few stanzas which to me shows that he had emotions but was trying really hard not to show them. I have enjoyed reading ‘Mid-term Break’ even though it is an emotional poem as it has given me a lot to think about. I have thought about Heaney must have felt knowing he wasn’t going to see his brother again. This poem was very interesting and emotional even though Heaney at times, tries to  hold back his emotions and it is interesting to see how people coped in their own different ways with the death.

Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle

Relationships in Little Women and Cats in the Cradle Relationships can be positive or negative. Varied perceptions define the nature of relationships as positive or negative. The effects of positive and negative relationships have lasting consequences on individuals; having both a positive and negative aspect in each relationship assists humankind but negative relationships is the build up of decisions and actions that have negative impacts. Loyalty is one of the fundamental traits that are present in a positive relationship.However, little loyalty can lead to deterioration in a person’s quality of life, happiness and connection with the people involved in that relationship. The relationships in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott and ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin shows many different views of positive and negative relationships. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Having both a positive and negative aspect in each relationship assists humankind to develop, learn, be happy and survive.Positive relationships are evident in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott as well as negative relationships throughout the March family – this shows that they are not a perfect family and even though Little Women is set in the 1860’s, families today can relate to the relationship shown between the March family, especially the relationship Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth have with each other. They fight, love, care and help each other and through tough times, they always forgive each other.Here is a quote from ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott, â€Å"My dear, don’t let the sun go down upon your anger; forgive each other, help each other, and begin again to-morrow. † – Marmee to Jo, Chapter 8, Page 76. This quote shows endearment, â€Å"My dear,† demonstrates the positive relationship that Mrs March has with Jo and the love that the y share for each other. This quote simply implies that we should not let our fury or hatred live on even during our slumber.As much as possible, we must resolve our problems and reconcile. We should build each other in trust rather than destroy each other to strengthen bonds whether it may be in filial, romantic, or friendly relationships. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Relationships can be negative at times and if these negative relationships are not resolved, it can impact all individuals involved for a long period of time.Negative relationships do not necessarily occur because of one poor influential mistake – it is the build up of decisions and actions that can have a negative impact and create a negative relationship between the interactions of two people. An example of a negative relationship is evident in ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin between the father and his son. Here is a quote from †˜Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin, â€Å"And as I hung up the phone it occurred to me, he’d grown up just like me, my boy was just like me. † This quote shows irony.It is ironic that the son becomes like his father, in a different way than expected. It was expected that the son would want to be like the father in a career sense and this demonstrates the negative relationship that the father has with his son – not in a sense that they despise each other but putting off seeing and talking to each other creates a negative impacts throughout their relationship. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Loyalty is one of the fundamental traits that are present in a positive relationship.Without loyalty doubts of trust and lack of respect begin to come to the fore and relationships begin to crumble. Within the relationship of Mr and Mrs March, loyalty is the most important factor of the relationship. Here is a quote from ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott, â€Å"That is the secret of our home happiness. He does not let business wean him from the little cares and duties that affect us all, and I try not to let domestic worries destroy my interest in his pursuits. Each do our part alone in many things, but at home we work together, always. – Marmee to Meg, Chapter 38, Page 392. This quote shows a back-story of Mr and Mrs March’s life – that they were not always like this and had the same problems that Meg has starting out married life, especially with children. This adds meaning to their current circumstances and if they did not find a way to work together and be together as much as possible, problems would have occurred but because of the above quote, Mr and Mrs March show loyalty to each other and create a positive relationships not only for themselves but also for others around them.Mrs. March suggests that the domestic sphere is a joint effort  œ husband and wife work together to create a home, instead of every aspect of it being the wife's responsibility. Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. Within every relationship some form of loyalty will be present that contributes to the positive relationship. However, little loyalty can lead to deterioration in a person’s quality of life, happiness and connection with the people involved in that relationship. Cats in the Cradle’ introduces the subject matter indicating the troublesome relationship shared between father and son, â€Å"My child arrived just the other day, he came to the world in the usual way. † The quote is a metaphor for the birth of his son. It is an emotionless way to describe the birth of his son. This metaphor gives an initial indication of an absent relationship between the father and son. It is clear that although the father provides the necessities for the child, his career driven lifes tyle restrains him from spending quality time with his son.Positive and negative relationships are defined by varied perceptions of the characters. To sum up, varied perceptions define the nature of relationships as positive or negative. Mention topic sentences. The relationships in ‘Little Women’ by Louisa May Alcott and ‘Cats in the Cradle’ by Harry Chapin shows many different views of positive and negative relationships. The statement, relationships can be positive or negative, is true but positive and negative relationships coexist.

Review of Related Literatures and Studies Essay

Local Studies: One of the past local studies that is relevant to our research was made way back 2009. I think it has something to help in our current issues about our researches.   On December 5, 2009, Mapua Institute of Technology finalized their research named â€Å"The effects of Computer Addiction to the Academic Performances of Mapua Institute of Technology First year Students†. It seems like familiar or should I say Same Title but in our research we include Computer Games Addiction and also its effect on academic performance on selected freshmen CCIS students. This research was made by 4 Mapua Students. In their research, they interviewed 16 first year students about study habits and computer addiction. As the survey results, 11 participants were classified computer addicts. The results of that survey back 2009 showed that computer addicts spends more time playing computer than studying. Their research also concluded that computer addiction have lead students to have a declining grade on their academic performances of first year students in the said University. With the help of this past research, we can make our research stronger and more useful. It will give us more information and ideas that are related to what are the goals we want to achieve. Philline Kate Vera C. Palaà ±a, Juan Paolo D. Rabacio,Marjorie Maralit, Nidia P.D.C. Andrade. â€Å"The-Effects-of-Computer-Addiction-to-the-Academic-Performances-of-Mapua-Institute-of-Technology-First-Year-Students.† 5 December 2009. http://www.scribd.com. . Local Literature: â€Å"Video games will ruin your children’s future†- Cesar Tolentino, a Market Research Analyst and Consultant here in the Philippines. In his blog/ article on http://www.gdap.org.ph, where the title of his featured blog is â€Å"Turning the tide: Changing the Filipino Outlook Towards Gaming†. He stated there that â€Å"there are cases of overuse and abuse among gamers for online games in the country, we should advocate responsible gaming†. In this case, many students failed in their academic performance because of too much playing or becoming addict in computer games. He stated also, † It’s all a matter of mind conditioning. Often those who became so addicted to games and suffered low grades or failures in school also have family problems. Responsible gamers know their priorities. There are actually many valedictorians and dean’s listers who play video and computer games too.† I think this will help us in finding the reason why many students keep playing computer games at all. Tolentino, Cesar. â€Å"features/turning-the-tide-changing-the-filipino-outlook-towards-gaming/.† 6 July 2011. http://www.gdap.org.ph. .

Commiuncation in business- case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Commiuncation in business- case study - Essay Example The case study content will be highlighted first where the client is described in detail and key terms will be described in detail and these include motivation as well as culture. The overview of the situation will be discussed in detail and the last part will specifically focus on suggestions about recommendations as well as solutions about how a team leader might use these theories to motivate their employees. Terms of reference In my capacity as a human resources consultant, Google Inc has approached me to offer advice about how it can improve its operations with regards to motivation of its employees across cultures. Basically, Google Inc is a multinational public company that specialises computer services and internet search corporation based in California. According to its official website, Google operates one of the biggest internet search engines in the world and it develops a number of internet based services and products. The organisation operates more than one million seve rs in data centers around the world and it has more than 200Â  000 employees worldwide. Against this background, they have approached me to offer advice about how they can improve their operations across cultures given that they operate in different countries with diverse cultures in a bid to ensure that these employees are satisfied with their work. The organisation is primarily concerned with obtaining information about how the leaders can motivate their employees across cultures. The concept of motivation plays a very pivotal role in as far as viability of the organisation is concerned. Employees form the back bone of each organisation given that they are the ones who actually perform all the work. In this given case, the leaders of Google ought to know that there is every need to satisfy the needs of the employees for their own good with regards to growth of the organisation. Motivation in this case is not only limited to financial gains but it extends to include other psycholo gical benefits. These will help create a sense of belonging to the organisation whereby retention of key staff can be possible. In this regard, this client has consulted me with the main aim of ensuring that the company continues to grow since it is their aim. The organisation is also concerned with establishing the impact of culture on its operations. Operating in diverse cultural backgrounds is not an easy feat given that people from different countries have different values that determine the way they behave. These values ought to be taken into consideration the reason why Google has sought advice from an expert in this area. Different people have different values and these ought to be taken into consideration so as to ensure that the organisation achieves its goal of remaining a leading internet service provider globally. Culture also plays a pivotal role in an organisation as it is mainly concerned with establishing the expected standards of operation within the organisation. T he leaders of Google have also approached me to get information about leadership in the organisation as this

I tried to eat healthy for two weeks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I tried to eat healthy for two weeks - Essay Example Similarly fast food is also composed of such ingredients which can be harmful to the body. In order to lead a healthy life one has to balance his nutritional intake so that he does not consume unhealthy foods. These are the main reasons because of which I tried to eat healthy food for two weeks by cutting down on my diet. In my practice of consuming healthy foods I sought to cut out on the things which I considered unhealthy for my body. To start with I cut out on my daily soda consumption in order to avoid any sort of carbonated drink. I consumed water and tea as an alternative to soda as both of them are comparably healthier in my view than soda. Healthy food was my aim so I had to cut out on my consumption of fast food. I could not achieve this aim if I did not cook at my home so I preferred cooking at home instead of going out which proved to be a successful plan in cutting down my diet of fast food. I preferred salad over other things as it has essential vegetables which are hea lthy for my body.

Nursing leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing leadership - Essay Example The perception of nursing is fundamentally described as the execution of clinical practices for the motive of facilitating every individual to enhance well as recover from different difficulties relating to their health. The major aim of nursing is to promote health along with growth and also to prevent the individuals from any sort of disease or injury. However, the other purposes of nursing include assisting speedy recovery of the individuals or the patients, facilitating independence in terms of health, complying with the needs of the patients and most importantly enhancing the well being of the individuals (Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Apart from the purposes, the notion of nursing entails certain significant responsibilities. It can be stated in the similar context that the responsibilities include performing physical examinations of the individuals or the patients, delivering health education along with counseling and managing care in association with different healthcare p rofessionals (Meleis, 2011). In this discussion, the significance, effectiveness as well as the applicability of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice contexts will be taken into concern. Discussion The term ‘leadership’ is principally described as a comprehensive procedure of recognizing a specific aim as well as motivating other people to perform deliberate activities for the purpose of attaining the desired objectives. Moreover, the notion of leadership is also defined as a method in which an individual broadly influences a collection of people or individuals in order to accomplish the common objectives (Northouse, 2009). The aspect of nursing leadership is defined as those activities which are usually performed by a nurse practitioner for enhancing the health as well as the safety of the individuals or the patients. The different leadership capabilities of a nursing leader comprise frequently consulting with the patients about their health, appropriately administering their treatments, making valuable decisions and coping up with the problems which arises within the team members or multidisciplinary colleagues. In relation to the aspect of leadership, it has been apparently observed that the various qualities of an effectual nursing leader encompass courage, integrity, initiative and most significantly possessing the capability to manage stress. Additionally, the other characteristics of a nursing leader are making effective communication with the team members or the multidisciplinary colleagues, incorporating new as well as creating innovative ideas, making deliberate work planning and encouraging staff participation within the background of healthcare settings (Frankel, 2008). The term ‘applicability’ is generally described as relevant or appropriate which may be applied in order to attain any significant response. Furthermore, the term can also be defined as a premeditated activity o f applying any sort of sensible applications for a particular purpose. The application of different methods as well as logical planning schemes can ultimately support the organizations along with their leaders to attain the preferred objectives successfully. The objectives may include attaining considerable market share, enhancing the profitability and accomplishing a significant competitive position over the chief market contenders (Medina, 2002). Conversely, the term ‘effectiveness’ is primarily described as the capability of accomplishing a desired result by the implementation of various policies or procedures. The term also depicts the extent towards which the goals are attained and the degree towards which the targeted difficulties are solved (Waldt, 2004). The significance, applicability as well as the effectiveness of nursing leadership on patient and staff outcomes in contemporary clinical practice context relates to the important fact that a ‘clinical nur se leader’ plays an imperative part in enhancing the hea

Remote sensing project Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remote sensing project - Annotated Bibliography Example ment and social acceptance of the American people; since an estimated 30000 drones will be expected to be across the US airspace by 2020 (Hiltner, 2013, p 398). Hiltner proposes the advantages and ease of execution of police roles with the integration of the UAss, as highlighted by their manufacturer and mandated by the constitution of the United States. Koppel’s â€Å"Warranting a warrant† discuses the use of the Fourth Amendment in enhancing privacy and the use of modern technological gadget that may intrude the essence of privacy without a warrant. He uses the concept of a search warrant to emphasize the application of the fourth Amendment in providing rights to protection against the violation of private property. The document provides relevance in the use of police drones as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. However, the action is significant in the provision of security in the US. In this case, Koppel concludes that the Fourth Amendment should be reconstructed in a manner that conserves general public interest as well as individual rights. Kyllo vs United States explores the use of legal approaches by law enforces in the aim of attaining peace and security. The use of a device that is not in public utility to conduct private search can be classified under violation of the Fourth Amendment. In this case the use of drones in surveillance activities by the police force can be viewed as an act of trespass which is against the rights of individual privacy. The fact that drones are not silent portrays violation of privacy as people tend to feel they are under surveillance when drones pass by their homes. Katina Michael, MG Michael discusses how modern technology has influenced the invasion of people’s privacy. The use of â€Å"embedded sensors on wearers† is one of the modern technology inventions which are aimed at acquiring information on a person’s nature. The article is relevant to the topic of discussion as it explains the pros and cons of privacy

Why you have chosen Praire View A&M University for your academic Essay

Why you have chosen Praire View A&M University for your academic endeavors - Essay Example Ever since I can remember, I have had this insatiable desire to take things apart to see how they work. Most of these had to do with electrical and electronic items and more often than not I was recruited to repair things in the home. When I began my search for a university to pursue higher education in my chosen field, I was looking for an institution where I would be encouraged to research new ideas and put my knowledge to use in an atmosphere of creativity and co-operation. My choice was naturally narrowed down to those institutions that had the reputation of producing excellent students in the field of engineering who were given opportunities to enhance their knowledge and skills in industry related environments. It is therefore not surprising that Prairie View was among the top schools on my list. I have for sometime been enthusiastic about developing low cost and easy maintenance electrical/electronic items that can be used in communities that do not enjoy the facilities enjoye d by those in developed nations. I hope that I shall be able to do something towards achieving this goal during my time at university.

A music concert report - University of Philharmonia Orchestra Essay

A music concert report - University of Philharmonia Orchestra - Essay Example Franz Joseph Haydn, the leading composer of the classical period who is renowned as â€Å"Father of the symphony† as well as â€Å"Father of the string quartet† (Last.fm, 2008). To add to the glory of the event, the third piece which was played was Symphony No.2 other wise called Little Russian, composed by the Great Russian composer, Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky. The dynamics involved in the piece Iron Diamond were Adagio-Vivace assai, Adagio, Menuetto Allegretto, Finale and Vivace whereas the second piece included Andante sostenuto-Allegro vivo, Andantino marziale quasi moderato and Scherzo. The movements in Symphony No.2 were Allegro molto vivace, Finale and Moderato assai. The concert was conducted by Nan Harrison Washburn, the music director of Plymouth Canton Symphony Society and winner of sixteen ASCAP awards for Adventuresome Programming of Contemporary Music from American Symphony Orchestra League (Plymouth, 2008). The harmony of Flute, Piano, Violin, Bassoon, Clarinet, Horn and other wind instruments left the audience float in the thin air of music. The concert was arranged to inspire music lovers and was promoted as a research scenario for the music students as the ticket rates were discounted for them. The performance was well enjoyed by the crowd as they could be found lost in another world of dreams and passions.

TLMT313 WEEK 3 FORUM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TLMT313 WEEK 3 FORUM - Assignment Example The approach promotes substitution of methods and materials with cheaper alternatives, without altering the functionality. Value engineering lowers operational and management costs, improves efficiency of resources, simplify procedures and minimizes paperwork. Value engineering helps to reduce staff costs as well as achieving optimum balance between function, performance, safety, quality and cost (Mukhopadhyaya, 2009). Value engineering and value analysis effort should be led by designers, manufacturing and production engineer, purchasing specialist and executive staff. The designers help in making decisions at an early stage of the product concerning product design, specifications, equipment required and the effect of the product to another department. Production and manufacturing engineers determines how the product is to be made, and they manage the production process. Purchasing specialists help to convert design elements into material specifications. Operational staff makes the product and deliver service. They also provide the necessary information about production problems. Supply management supports the process by converting design requirements of the product to material specifications. They source materials required to develop the product and suggest suppliers of the materials to the

History of Clubs Playing Foreign League Cups Essay

History of Clubs Playing Foreign League Cups - Essay Example Cardiff, one of the main welsh clubs have been in the FA Cup competitions all through. The most remarkable period for the club was in 1920s when they ended up as runners to Hunder field Town FC during the 1924 football league first division on goal differences. This was followed by two FA Cup finals in the year 1925 where they took on Sheffield United. The team's spirit for competing in the English FA Cup did not end there, in 1927, Cardiff took on Arsenal at the final and went on to emerge the winner of the cup. It become the first and only team ever to snatch the FA Cup out of England after the 1-0 win over finalists and English footfall giants Arsenal. The match had also caused much enthusiasm since it was the first game that BBC radio had ever broadcasted to the whole country. This win gave Cardiff much psyche to keep on participating in the FA Cup after other teams had withdrawn. Swansea City and Cardiff city are the only Welsh clubs that have participated at the high level of the English soccer. They both took part in the Country's FA Cup and Division One. During the 1914-1915 season competitions of Southern League, Cardiff finished in the third position. The league was however suspended following the out burst of the world War One. The club also finished fourth in their last season in the Southern League on some hostilities cessation, before it was promoted to football league second division as the most competitive club in Wales. The other southern league clubs later on formed the football league third division. Wrexham, another welsh club that has been in the English side, started their journey to join the English competitions back in 1905 when they beat Kidderminster Harrier and finished sixth in the Birmingham District league. It was... The researcher discusses the issue when some Welsh teams to take part in the English FA Cup. It is stated that during its creation the English league was named the football league. This was because it was meant to allow football teams from other countries in the United Kingdom to take part in the FA cup competitions. The teams started to take part in the FA cup after EUFA allowed clubs to play in the other countries league in early1900. Although the clubs were allowed to play in the English league they could not participate in the European Cup since any team must get the ticket to the league through its domestic league. This decision has hindered the teams from taking part in the European league for that time thus most of them withdrew from the English FA cup competitions and started to play the Welsh League instead for a chance to venture in the European cup. The FA Cup is one of the most competitive in England attracting teams in all levels including the English football super powe rs who have been taking part in all major competitions in the continent. The Welsh clubs, if therefore would win the FA cup in the country would have climbed to high level in the world of football thus get better chance to market themselves as well as the players. A winner of the FA cup meets the premiership champion in the community shield and also gets a direct entry into the European cup competitions. It is concluded that this provides the clubs the best chance to climb to lime light in football competition.

Abortion and Writing Professor Hyde Essay Example for Free

Abortion and Writing Professor Hyde Essay Technical and Business WritingProfessor Hyde The Advantages of Abortion? For many years, abortions have been performed and so has the controversy over abortion. Today, I have decided to write about the advantages of having an abortion. Some may argue that there are no advantages to having an abortion, but that’s what makes this topic such a debatable one. Abortions have been performed since the 1800’s. Not until the infamous decision of Roe v. Wade that abortions became legal medical procedures. It was also the year the United States Supreme Court recognized abortions as part of women’s civil rights. To the average person whether male or female, abortion should be against the law, but I beg to differ. Abortion gives couples the option to choose not to bring babies with severe and life-threatening medical conditions to full term. Aborted fetuses contribute to medical science through stem cell research that cure diseases and re-grow lost or damaged limbs. It’s almost like donating organs of the decease to someone alive in dire need. In cases of rape or incest, forcing a woman who was made pregnant by the violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. No child should be born into this world unwanted. Statistics show that unwanted children are raised in a home with no love or supervision. They become adults who commit crime and are sentenced to prison. Another reason women have abortions is they don’t have the financial resources needed to support a child. The majority of the population has Medicaid as health insurance coverage so termination of pregnancy can be free or low cost. If they decide to keep the baby and raise it, the cost to taxpayers could be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars. I chose to title my paper â€Å"The Advantages of Abortions† because your life doesn’t have to stop because you chose to end your pregnancy. Women shouldn’t feel ashamed or embarrassed because they chose a different decision than most. An unplanned pregnancy may be a burden now, but years from now it may become a miracle or joy because you had a chance to grow and mature as a person. Before you can raise a child you need to finish raising yourself first.

Issues Involved in Strategic Planning

Issues Involved in Strategic Planning They are stated in precise terms as quantitatively as possible. The emphasis on goals is on measurement of progress toward the attainment of objectives. Goals have the following structures they: 1. Are resulting from objects, 2. Offer a normal for measuring presentation, 3. Are articulated in concrete terms, 4. Are time-bound and work-oriented. Advantages and Disadvantages: It helps organizations do to satisfy a particular need of the society or to fulfill a particular deficiency in the society. There is always a deadline which sometimes is never meant by organizations. Review the issues involved in strategic planning: Businesses that succeed do so by creating and keeping customers. They do this by providing better value for the customer than the competition. Marketing management constantly has to assess which customers they are trying to reach and how they can design products and services that provide better value (competitive advantage). The main problem with this process is that the environment in which businesses operate is constantly changing. So a business must adapt to reflect changes in the environment and make decisions about how to change the marketing mix in order to succeed. This process of adapting and decision-making is known as marketing planning. Where does marketing planning fit in with the overall strategic planning of a business? Strategic planning is concerned about the overall direction of the business. It is concerned with marketing, of course. But it also involves decision-making about production and operations, finance, human resource management and other business issues. The objective of a strategic plan is to set the direction of a business and create its shape so that the products and services it provides meet the overall business objectives. Marketing has a key role to play in strategic planning, because it is the job of marketing management to understand and manage the links between the business and the environment. Sometimes this is quite a straightforward task. For example, in many small businesses there is only one geographical market and a limited number of products (perhaps only one product!). However, consider the challenge faced by marketing management in a multinational business, with hundreds of business units located around the globe, producing a wide range of products. How can such management keep control of marketing decision-making in such a complex situation? This calls for well-organized marketing planning. What are the key issues that should be addressed in strategic and marketing planning? The following questions lie at the heart of any marketing and strategic planning process: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where are we now? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How did we get there? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where are we heading? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where would we like to be? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How do we get there? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are we on course? Why is marketing planning essential? Businesses operate in hostile and increasingly complex environment. The ability of a business to achieve profitable sales is impacted by dozens of environmental factors, many of which are interconnected. It makes sense to try to bring some order to this chaos by understanding the commercial environment and bringing some strategic sense to the process of marketing products and services. A marketing plan is useful to many people in a business. It can help to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identify sources of competitive advantage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gain commitment to a strategy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Get resources needed to invest in and build the business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inform stakeholders in the business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Set objectives and strategies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measure performance Advantages and Disadvantages: Market planning delivers a means for actively involving personnel from all areas of the business in the management of the company and this participation improves the quality of the plans, with the participation of the staffs it enhances their overall understanding of the companys objectives and goal. One of the disadvantages is costly to implement. Explain different planning techniques: Planning is a critical business responsibility that is often overlooked, particularly by smaller companies with limited time and personnel resources. However, the reason for this oversight is often the result of managements lack of planning techniques. Learning useful planning methods and factors eliminates this knowledge gap. Business planning is just as critical as having a map when traveling to an unfamiliar location. Without it you may never reach your destination. Primary Planning Types Business planning types come in various flavors depending on the company size and industry. However, there are three basic plans that apply to all businesses, large or small. Business, strategic and marketing plans are important to every for-profit and nonprofit organization. Understanding the goals and components of each offers businesses the tools to create effective plans using the most basic or sophisticated techniques. Business Plans Typically used for starting up or financing a company, business plans are the cornerstone of the planning function. Components of a business plan include an executive summary, market analysis, product/service descriptions and financial/operations projections for a minimum of three to five years. In start-up situations that need initial financing, creators should paint a vivid, yet conservative, picture of the founders and the rationale for believing the business will succeed. When seeking growth-financing, management should highlight past company performance and carefully project the impact of the new funding on improving net income. Always include debt service, which is the amount needed to repay the new loan, in income and expense projections. Strategic Plan Strategic plans should be created by business owners and/or senior management only. Unlike business plans, which are based on historical data and future projections, strategic plans are more conceptual. These plans should include defining your organizational goals, identifying your available options to achieve your objectives and considering new short-term opportunities you believe will exist to improve your businesss results. You may want to incorporate specific industry trends into your planned strategy. Strategic plans are not long-term creations, but should address taking advantage of available opportunities in the next 12 to 24 months. Marketing Plans All the fabulous business and strategic plans ever devised will fail if you dont market and sell your product or service. A solid marketing plan will help you achieve gross income and sales goals. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is an effective technique for creating a winning marketing plan. SWOT is also useful in strategic plan creation as a foundation technique. You can also combine a SWOT analysis with the four Ps product, price, publicity, and place of effective marketing. Even if you have invented the better mousetrap, you need a superior marketing plan to get results. These techniques will give you the ammunition you need. SWOT analysis and marketing A vital part of the planning process is looking at the existing position of an industry and trying to decide how factors external to the business may affect the business. An organization can perform a SWOT analysis as a way of deciding which marketing plan to use. The organization performs an audit on the internal and external nature of the company looking at the current and future situation. An audit is a review of all the company s activities. Strengths Reviews the business current strengths such as a good brand or strong sales performance Can develop the strengths, perhaps in the way they promote the product, or wish to develop new products (Tesco have used their strong brand name to launch several products) Weaknesses Reviews the business current weaknesses such poor response times to requests for information or late deliveries Can implement strategies to eradicate these weaknesses e.g. more resources put into a better warehousing system for the dispatch of goods. External Opportunities Reviews the business future opportunities e.g. new technology making it easier to manufacturer certain goods or new markets abroad Can use strategies to take advantage of the potential opportunities e.g. developing new products to meet the potential increased demand Threats Reviews the business future threats, mostly from increased competition from other firms or from changes in the economic situation. Can employ strategies to ward off these problems, e.g. setting lower prices or increasing promotion Rational about the use of a SWOT analysis in measuring the influence of marketing to a business strategy; Possible strengths in marketing might be: Specialist marketing expertise An innovative product or service The location of the business convenient for customers The reputation of the brand perhaps it is trusted or recognized as the highest quality Likely weaknesses in marketing could include: Lack of a clear product differentiation compared with competing products Weak distribution compared with competitors Inadequate online presence Potential marketing opportunities could include: The use of technology to develop new products Growing demand from overseas markets (e.g. China India) The use of social media like Facebook and Twitter to reach new customers A list of likely marketing threats might include: Competitors introducing better products at lower prices Changes in the economic environment which encourage customers to be less loyal to established brands Changes in customer tastes and fashions Universal Techniques To make business planning come alive and succeed there are three simple practices that must be always be employed. First, set realistic, measurable goals. Second, understand and communicate with your customer base. Third, attract and retain the best employees your company can afford. Without these three components, your business planning, however sophisticated, risks failure on a massive scale. Using these three simple techniques, your business plans should deliver the results you want. SPACE, PIMS. PIMS data can be described as a guide to help management describe the business a business situation and opportunity relative to the offerings of its competitors in two-dimensional space. TASK 2 BE ABLE TO FORMULATE A NEW STRATEGY Produce an organizational audit for a given organization Tesco Marketing Audit: The marketing audit is a fundamental part of the marketing planning process. It is conducted not only at the beginning of the process but also during and after the process completion. Marketing audit not only consider its own plan but also considers internal and external factor that affects marketing planning. Some important tools used by marketing audit are SWOT for internal and external environment where as PESTLE and Five Forces Analysis which focus only on the external environment. It can be viewed as an umbrella that covers efforts to assess customer needs and wants and to understand community patterns. The external environment is reviewed at micro and macro level. Definition: The marketing Audit has been defined by Phillip Kotler strategic market auditing (1977) as a comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination activities and resources in order to determine problem areas and opportunities and to recommend a plan of action. As per the definition: Marketing Audit is Comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic features. In simple word marketing audit is the complete review of the environment that includes both internal and external environments of any organization. The marketing audit follows the following areas as components of marketing audit:  · Environmental Audit which includes Macro Environmental Audit and Micro Environmental Audit.  · Marketing Strategy Audit  · Marketing Organization Audit  · Marketing System Audit  · Marketing Productivity Audit  · Marketing Function Audit Processes and techniques used for auditing the marketing auditing environment follows simple three steps are: a) Agreement on objectives, scope and approach: Marketing auditor must prepare for the marketing audit by holding discussion with the CEO and the executive staff and briefly reviewing some financial and marketing data. Often objectives are discussed in the meeting such as determine how the market views the company and its competitors, recommending a pricing policy, determining sale activity. The audit would cover the marketing operations of the company as a whole. b) Data collection: More time is spent on the gathering data. More auditors are involved when the project is large. Auditor has to spent time in deciding what question to be asked, who will be interviewed and so on so forth. Daily reports of the interviews are to be written up and reviewed. c) Report preparation and presentation: When the data gathering is over, auditor prepares notes for a visual and verbal presentation to the company officer. Techniques used for auditing the marketing environments are as follows. 1) SWOT Analysis: It is one of the most important tools of marketing audit. It helps a lot of help to the marketers and is used at the beginning of the marketing audit process. It has advantages as well as drawbacks. Some of the drawbacks are subjective and cannot be relied too much. Therefore it should be used as a guide in the marketing planning and not as a prescription to the process. 2) PESTLE Analysis: Various factors of the marketing is analyzed by PEST analysis that effects upon the marketing process. An organization that is carrying the analysis needs to study the environmental factors that are internal and external. 3) Five Force Analyses: This is an analysis that helps the marketers to have a clear picture of competitors for the market. This analysis has some similarities with PEST analysis. In this analysis the marketer goes through five areas of concerns. Analyze and evaluate the external environment of the organization by using PEST framework, Porters Five Forces model and Product life cycle. Companys profile: Tesco runs more than 2300 supermarkets and convenience stores in the UK, Ireland, Central Europe and Asia. It is operating in almost areas such as gasoline retail (Tesco Express) small urban stores (Tesco Metro) hypermarkets (Tesco Extra) and Financial service (Tesco Personal Finance). It covers up to 35% stake in US grocery. It is the leading online grocery store and is now expanding its business with a TV channel and a retail based education institution. A) A PEST Analysis of the industry was then undertaken to examine the local, national and global influence of political, economic, social and technological factors to understand opportunities and threats well. An assumption was made that most of these ( political, economic, social, legal and environmental ) factors would, to some extent apply to the retail industry in Sweden: Political: Following the European Integration and Free Trade Agreements, the market has opened British Companies to invest in Eastern European. It has 60 stores in Hungary. Lidl is fighting hard to maintain its market share with an aggressive pricing strategy against Tesco. Economic: Retail industry is fairly recession proof and also very sensitive to interest rate. Because of September 11 events, the world economy have suffered heavily, stocks were plummeting and prices are low all time. However the world economy is up after the September 11th attack. Consumers are optimistic and retail industry is once again boosting. Social: There are changes in consumer taste and lifestyle present both opportunities and threats for the retail industry. There are alternative Sweden national retailers which poses additional threats to the Tesco while entering in the Sweden market industry. Technical: Introduction of online shopping via internet is now a common place in retailing. IT system undertakes a paperless operation, the management and administration of the company which are monitored by the secured severs, it provides a flexible base for running the business. Sweden is at the forefront of technologically developed with national companies like Ericsson, hence Tesco gets an advantage of developed logistics and distribution channels already in place. One other tool that will be used in these areas is Porter Five Forces. This model can be used to good analytic effect alongside other models such as the SWOT and PEST analysis tools. Five Forces analyses five important in the determination of competitive power and these are:  · Buyers power:  · Suppliers power:  · Rivalry among competitors:  · Threat of new entrants:  · Threat of substitute product Problems faced by Tesco can be explained by Porters five forces including of the threat of substitutes from other supermarkets, buyer power, supplier power and the power of customer. Buyer power also decides the prices in the market. If products are expensive in Tesco then they will purchase from Sainsbury. This mean market is disciplined which make the pricing is disciplined as well. This in turn stops them to destroy the market in a profit war. Supplier power is an important part of this model. Supplier power is wielded by suppliers demanding that retailers should pay them certain price for their goods supplied. There is always a threat of substitution, although Tesco tries to ensure brand image and quality by having the best value for the products. Tesco acknowledges the fact that there have always been threats from the competitors and new entrants into the markets and therefore always plan to improve upon developments in its stores. Carry out an environmental audit for a given organization: PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Ecological, Legal and Environment) Among the above PESTLE analysis Political, Economic, social and Technological factors are implemented as a technique for the auditing of the marketing environment. Political/ legal:- An environment of marketing at any nation is affected due to the political reasons. There should be the management of change once there is a change in the political condition and situation. The system of nation keeps on changing if there is a lack of stability in politics and the organization should change the marketing strategies as per the changing environment so that the organization can exist in the changing environment. Economic:- Economics plays a vital role in the marketing environment audit. A country with weak economy cannot compete in the international market. To be successful in the marketing there should be a sound financial transaction of an organization. Some of the components of economic factors for environmental audit are: Interest rates, Business cycles, Investment policies. There should be good investment policies for the investment by the nation so that the interest of the investor in investment increases which helps to raise financial stability in the nation. Social and cultural:- Social and cultural refer to the tradition and costumes or belief of people living in a particular geographical region. Social value and norms sometimes becomes the barrier to the marketing environment. There is vast different in the culture and tradition of eastern and western societies as a result of it the culture of eastern may not be suitable for western and vice versa. The marketing depends upon the culture and tradition of any geographical area. S Technological:- In this competitive age technological changes plays a vital role in the marketing. All the developed countries have been successful due to the drastic changes in the technology and their capacity to cope with changing technology. Different technologies can be used for the auditing of the marketing environment. SWOT analysis:- SWOT analysis includes strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threats for an organization. Strength and opportunities are the positive aspect of an organization whereas weaknesses and threats are negative. Similarly strengths and weaknesses are internal environment whereas opportunity and threats are external. Low cost of production and sales, good information about the market and sound finance of the organization are the strengths and lack of communication and low quality of goods are the weaknesses. Similarly lack of competition and expansion of the market is the opportunities whereas control from pressure groups, lack of political and system stability are the threats for any organization. PORTERS five forces model:- It consists of five main points that are listed below: Bargaining power of the customers: It is found in the open or the competitive market where the customer has the advantage over the suppliers or the sellers. A consumer has the choice of quality and the rate and if the supplier fails to fulfil the satisfaction of the consumer there is the chance of the customer to walk away from the suppliers. In this case the buyer has every right to complain and the seller need to hear it and recover so that the buyer did not leave the consumption of the commodity.. Bargaining power of the supplier: We normally find it in the monopoly market where there is the presence of only one market. Here the supplier has the advantages over the customers. A seller can fix the price of his own and sell low quality products as a result of it buyer couldnt get enough facilities. As only one marker is available the customers are forced to buy goods from the same shop and have no choice. For an illustration, if one city has only one market the people living there have to purchase the commodities from the same market no matter what the price and quality is because they dont have a second option. In this case the supplier has their own choice of marking prices. Such type of business brings profit motive rather than service motive. Threat of new entrants: When there is the presence of new product or the new supplier the old products and the old supplier gets affected. A customer of particular supermarket gets diverted to next one, if the new supplier gives him new schemes ad facilities. Threat from the substitute product: It provides the facilities to the consumers as the consumers have enough choices for the commodities to use. The customers wont feel bored of using same product again and again. Rivalry among the competitors: Rivalry begins where there is the presence of competitive market or when two similar types of goods are present in the market. It gives advantages to the customers. When there is rivalry among competitors consumers receives the benefits. Apply organizational and environmental auditing techniques in a given situation. As for the project work I have chosen Tesco which deals with retail sales of food and household products. They use PESTEL analysis for the purpose of marketing environment audit. Political:- Under political it uses the monopoly system, taxation policies, rules of employing the staffs and government stability as a method of evaluating political environment. Economic:- Under the economic sector the interest rates, inflation and business cycles are evaluated for the purpose of environmental marketing audit. Social cultural:- There are different cultures of the particular area. The marketing of Tesco has been influenced due to the social cultural factors as well. The different elements under socio cultural which can affect the marketing audit of the organization are demography, distribution of income of the people and their lifestyle. Technology:- Technology plays a vital role during upgrade any organization. In this competitive age no organization can ever think of improvement in the absence of technology. The factors influencing technology in an organization can be the development of new technologies, rate of technology transfer and investment on the research of technology. Positioning of Ansoff matrix: For any decision to be taken at the business level, you need the right strategic tools. Ansoff matrix is one of them. Ansoff matrix helps a company decide their market growth as well as product growth strategies. The 2 questions which the Ansoff Matrix can answer is How can we grow in the existing markets and What amends can be made in the product portfolio to have better growth. From the above two questions, it is clear that the Ansoff matrix deals with the business external market scenario as well as the product portfolio which the company has. The matrix is divided into two quadrants. The product quadrant and the market quadrant. The Product quadrant on the X axis is further divided into Existing products and New products. The market scenario on the Y axis is divided into existing markets and new markets. Thus the Ansoff matrix divides a firm on the basis of the products it has existing products or new products, as well as the markets it is in existing markets or new markets. Explain the significance of stakeholder analysis: What is Stakeholder Analysis? Stakeholder Analysis (SA) is a methodology used to facilitate institutional and policy reform processes by accounting for and often incorporating the needs of those who have a stake or an interest in the reforms under consideration. With information on stakeholders, their interests, and their capacity to oppose reform, reform advocates can choose how to best accommodate them, thus assuring policies adopted are politically realistic and sustainable. Although Stakeholder Analysis originated from the business sciences, it has evolved into a field that now incorporates economics, political science, game and decision theory, and environmental sciences. Current models of SA apply a variety of tools on both qualitative and quantitative data to understand stakeholders, their positions, influence with other groups, and their interest in a particular reform. In addition, it provides an idea of the impact of reform on political and social forces, illuminates the divergent viewpoints towards proposed reforms and the potential power struggles among groups and individuals, and helps identify potential strategies for negotiating with opposing stakeholders. Who Are Stakeholders A stakeholder is any entity with a declared or conceivable interest or stake in a policy concern. The range of stakeholders relevant to consider for analysis varies according to the complexity of the reform area targeted and the type of reform proposed and, where the stakeholders are not organized, the incentive to include them. Stakeholders can be of any form, size and capacity. They can be individuals, organizations, or unorganized groups. In most cases, stakeholders fall into one or more of the following categories: international actors (e.g. donors), national or political actors (e.g. legislators, governors), public sector agencies (e.g. MDAs), interest groups (e.g. unions, medical associations), commercial/private for-profit, non-profit organizations (NGOs, foundations), civil society members, and users/consumers. To achieve Stakeholders objective an organization should be able to separate their interest from each other and as such act according to the power they exert in the organization. Employees of MS Have a welfare department established in 1930. Financial interest safeguarded bonuses Job performance appraises and financial incentive Benefit package interest free loans granted, Buy as you earn shares, bonus or right issue Suppliers: Always used UK based suppliers, ensuring consistent quality Relationship to build reliance on suppliers Lifelong relationship. Mutual dependability respects the specification and standard. Social commitment: Strong tradition of CSR Sponsorship of Charities. Community development efforts Government social projects. Environment friendly: Removed artificial color and flavoring from its entire food and soft drinks range-April 2008 Launched school wears made from recycled plastic bottle Despite tough economic conditions Mark and Spencer stick to Plan A, as it gives them brand and differentiation. AL Gore said a sustainable business can be profitable one Business Continuity Reviewed the tools and processes established to ensure we have the capability to protect our people, the brand, property and profit at all times; Received plans for all locations both nationally and internationally; Discussed plans for the Olympics and the Queens Diamond Jubilee; Full medical and security package introduced for all business travelers; Travel tracker system introduced both nationally and internationally; A group training awareness program launched; and Evacuation pack and welfare response. Plan A The External International Advisory Board established, comprising academics and advisors, extending our reach to reflect the countries we operate in and source from; Discussed progress in reducing carbon emissions, improvements in fuel and energy efficiency, reduction in waste and packaging, improvements in recycling and the MS/Oxfam clothes exchange; An update on work with suppliers to set up 12 Ethical Model factories in Bangladesh and three in India; Review of commitments against plan; Overview of discussions with UNICEF outside the UK on social development programs linked to the garment industry; and Overview of what we believe will be benchmarked as industry leading positions across a number of key areas. General Merchandise ethical sourcing Reviewed how we manage the ethical risks across our supply chain outlining our ethical trading approach across 1.7 million workers, spread over 1,448 sites in over 77 countries with 55 different languages; Considered the key ethical issues including: excessive working hours, poor health and safety, terms and conditions of employment, migrant labour, and low

Campaigns Of Sultan Mehmet Fatih History Essay

Campaigns Of Sultan Mehmet Fatih History Essay The Conqueror Fatih Sultan Mehmet, also known as Mehmet II or The Conqueror, was born in 1432 in Edirne; however, he died in 1481. Garraty, 1986, P: 606 Mehmet II was ascended the throne in his 20th year old. He ruled the Ottoman Empire for a short time, from 1444 to 1446. (Hourani, 1991, P: 210) Fatih was the son of earlier Sultan Murad II. Conversely, his mother was Huma Hatun. Sultan Mehmet was a tall man, strong in addition to muscular man. Mehmet II was a political leader as well as a military leader. (Hitti, 2002, P: 804) He was further involved in literature, besides cultivated arts along with monumental architecture. Fatih Sultan Mehmet was speaking seven languages effortlessly. He more interested in philosophy in addition to science. Conquering Constantinople: Mehmet II took the nickname conqueror (fatih) following the take-over of Istanbul. As within two years of repossessing the throne in 1451, he put an end to the Byzantine Empire because of conquering Constantinople, (Hitti, 2002, P: 811) by this means merging the Ottoman Empire along with marking the closing stages of the middle Ages as well. (Garraty, 1986, P: 606) Throughout the blockade of Constantinople, Fatih Sultan Mehmets soldiers numbered greater than 100,000, along with around 125 warships were at his discarding. (Hourani, 1991, P: 211) Fatih Sultan Mehmet utilized gunpowder to stimulating outcome all through the blockade. As well as the Sultan squeezed new-fangled technical developments that inclined the scales in his support, together with Orbans cannon, a portion of weaponry greater than 25 feet extended that could blaze cannonballs up into a mile as well that he had specially made commencing a European artist named Orban. (Hitti, 2002, P: 812) On the morning of Tuesday, May 29, 1453, (Hourani, 1991, P: 211) the Ottomans went into Constantinople all the way through breaches in the walls stuck between Edirne and Top Kapi. The last Byzantine emperor; Constantine XI, had unsuccessfully sought after help commencing the European states; nevertheless they were so reluctant to act so. Sultan Mehmet II, the Ottoman principal did not go into the city for three days throughout which his soldiers were allowable to swipe it. (Hitti, 2002, P: 804) On the other hand, this unwelcoming peak in the historical development of Constantinople was the commencement of a freshly start for the reason that Mehmet II determined to changed place the capital of his kingdom from Edirne to the occupied city. (The Sultans, 2012)This regulation was destined to give details the sultans maintain to be looked upon as the new-fangled Roman emperor, the rightful descendant of Augustus as well as Constantine along with that reason, he preserved the citys former name. (Pamuk, 2005) Hagia Sophia As A Mosque: On Friday, June 1, 1453, the Turkish Sultan Mehmet Fatih (the Conqueror) entered the defeated also now defeated capital late in the afternoon furthermore rode to Hagia Sophia. He was astonished at its attractiveness. (Basic Istanbul, 2012) Moreover, Mehmet Fatih decided to revolutionize the Cathedral Hagia Sophia into his imperial mosque. For the reason that he alleged that this was observed in Holy Koran that Istanbul ought to be conquered moreover curved to be an Islamic territory. (Basic Istanbul, 2012) Some other people said that he saw a dream ordering him to vary Hagia Sophia into a mosque as a return aptitude for getting the most powerful city at the world at that time. (Hitti, 2002, P: 806) Campaigns of Sultan Mehmet Fatih: The confine of Istanbul was gone after through a long series of campaigns, which resulted in a tremendous growth of personal Ottoman rule. Further, among those districts that cut down to Mehmet II was Serbia, besides Greece, the kingdom of Trezibizond, as well Wallachia, along with Bosnia, also Karaman, Albania in addition to some Venetian and Geneose maritime establishments. (Garraty, 1986, P: 609) Moreover, he reached Belgrade by 1456. His attempts to get Belgrade failed, although his Empire continued to dominate most of Serbia. His ultimate goal was to capture Rome, solidifying Constantinoples position as the New Rome, and to this time he attacked Italy in 1480; (Hitti, 2002, P: 804) Sultan Mehmet Fatih faced with resistance unfortunately, he died prior to he was talented to perceive his dream comprehended. (Pamuk, 2005) Sultan Mehmet Fatih and Arts: Fatih Sultan Mehmets time in power was recognized for its understanding of doctrinal differences and mental vigor; the Sultan was dependable for the building of eight universities. (The Sultans, 2012)He was a keen art collector; as well developed a set interested in the Renaissance; forged cultural ties through the West, also maintained a private library overflowing through texts on medicine, as well geography, besides philosophy, in addition to ancient history. (Hourani, 1991, P: 210) Beneath his regulation, the Ottoman Empires domestic in addition to criminal laws were codified into a singular form of law as well. The Sultan is extensively looked upon as an accomplished linguist and is credited with introducing the term politics into the Arabic language. He was accomplished by his son, Byazid II. (Hitti, 2002, P: 804) Reforming of Sultan Mehmet Fatih: Fatih Sultan Mehmet handled the burden of establishing the administrative procedures for the expanding empire with a large portion of pragmatism well. This move toward was in reality quite comparable to Fatih Sultan Mehmet practices in further areas. (Hourani, 1991, P: 210) Consequently, there emerged within the empire zones through untrustworthy degrees of administrative power. At the core, there were areas most intimately administered through the capital through institutions most intimately resembling those in the capital region. (Pamuk, 2005) through increasing remoteness commencing the capital, the institutions as well as administrative performs revealed the impact balances flanked by the capital in addition to the local structures along with forces. (Hitti, 2002, P: 804) Conclusion: Fatih Sultan Mehmet ruled the Ottoman Empire for 30 years moreover joined 25 campaigns himself. (Garraty, 1986, P: 608) He was a real careful political leader and a remarkably courageous soldier. He took the position in front of his armed forces in the wars; moreover, he encouraged his soldiers. The Fatih Sultan Mehmet died on May 3 1481. (Hourani, 1991, P: 210) He was buried in Fatih Turbesi, in proximity to the Mosque of Fatih in Istanbul. He had four sons, Mustafa, Bayezid II, Cem, Korkut, and one daughter Gevrehan Sultana. (Hitti, 2002, P: 806)

Shelleys Frankenstein and Austens Mansfield Park as Vehicles for Social Comment :: comparison compare contrast essays

Shelley's Frankenstein and Austen's Mansfield Park as Vehicles for Social Comment It has been often noted that the Romantic writers of English literature were rebelling against the established positions and views of society. Most of the Romantic artists were indigenes of the well-established middle class and they were swiftly tiring of the self-serving political depredation perpetrated by the hands of the upper class. The Romantics were flouting convention, thumbing their noses and calling for radical and widespread reform not only in governmental politics, but within the politics of their own trade--creativity and art. Their myriad of works are clear evidence of this. Contumely against established society was found mostly in the poetical works of the day. However, much social commentary found its way into seemingly unlikely novels. Two such novels are Mary Shelly's Frankenstein and Jane Austen's Mansfield Park. Both of these novels are clever repositories for social commentary and judgment. The overwhelming social judgment by Austen and Shelly was an intolerance for class distinction. Though they were hardly deluded enough to posses Utopian ideals, they nevertheless felt that a society with very little class distinction and especially without class-specific opportunity and quality of life was indeed attainable. Given that Karl Marx formulated many of his socialist ideals as a result of his exposure to the conditions of working class Englishmen, one might venture to say that the Romantic artists were forerunners of the socialist ideal, though perhaps this is a stretch. However, neither Austen nor Shelly saw socialism as an antidote to class distinction, or if they did, it did not find its way into their novels. They were quick to show, though, that a class blending could occur that was acceptable to all. In fact, such a theme is clearly prevalent in many sections of both Mansfield Park and Frankenstein. For example, in Frankenstein, Shelly describes the acceptance of a lower class individual into an upper class family. Justine is a lower class servant who is taken into the Frankenstein family to alleviate the dire straits into which she has fallen. However, the Frankenstein's do not view her as a servant in the typical, expected sense. Rather, in a letter to the maniacal, creature-creating

Death from a Buddhist and Christian Point of View :: essays research papers

Death from a Buddhist and Christian Point of View   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You will be with me today in paradise,† Jesus Christ told this to the thief on the cross while they were dying. However, can people believe that there is truly life after death? In many different religions there are different perceptions of life after death. For example in the Buddhist religion, the Buddhist people believe that life is practice for death. Professor Brown, of California State University of Northridge stated, â€Å"The Buddhist people cultivate positive, happy virtuous states of mind and abandoning non-virtuous, harmful, suffering states of mind.† This teaching is mirrored by Christianity teachings as well. Professor Brown also stated, â€Å"Death is an opportunity for great spiritual achievement if one is prepared and remembers one’s spiritual practices and beliefs and understandings during the death process.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From its inception, Buddhism has stressed the importance of death, since awareness of death is what prompted the Buddha to perceive the ultimate futility of worldly concerns and pleasures. Realizing that death is inevitable for a person who is caught up in worldly pleasures and attitudes, he resolved to renounce the world and devote himself to finding a solution to this most basic of existential dilemmas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buddhism does not look at death as a continuation of the soul but as an awakening. Dying and being reborn has been compared by some Buddhist as a candle flame. When the flame of one lit candle is touched to the wick of an unlighted candle, the light passes from one   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Valino 2 candle to another. The actual flame of the first candle does not pass over but is responsible for lighting the second candle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When preparing for death Buddhist generally agree a person’s state of mind while dying is of great importance. While dying the person can be surrounded by friends, family and monks who recite Buddhists scriptures and mantras to help the person achieve a peaceful state of mind. Buddhism asserts that all being live beyond the various fluctuations of this life. Death is merely a passage to rebirth in another realm such as the human world, a pure land or the flowering of the ultimate nature of the mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So in all actuality, Buddhist believe that every day on earth, people should live with good positive feelings, positive thinking, positive attitude. As Buddhist people suggested, life is practice. One can not be happy in the after life unless one takes the advantage of their life on earth.

Mercantilism & economic school Essay

Mercantilism was a dominant economic school on Europe in XVI-XVIII century. The theory suggests that the global turnover of international trade is constant and the prosperity of a nation depends on the government ability to support a positive balance of trade with other nations. Mercantilism considers economic assets as a set of stock including gold, silver and trade value (bullion). The way for the government to increase the capital is to intervene into economy through the system of tariffs and restrictions aimed on increase of export and decrease of import. There are several basic flaws in mercantilism. The first one is that is assumes that the turnover of international trade is stable. Thus, in case one state constantly benefits and another one constantly misses from trade the trade would very soon stop because the missing state would either become bankrupt or stop trading, leaving the advantageous state without income so both nations would loose. The second gap of mercantilism is that it does not consider costs of trade race. In case nations start to compete in increasing their export and reducing import this will cause them produce even the goods which are cheaper to buy in other countries. So, in case one nation would specialize in producing one commodity and other nation would produce another commodity, they would both benefit from exchanging those commodities. The third disadvantage of mercantilism is that it does not take into account the influence of gold on the financial system. Endless accumulation of gold and silver ruined the financial system of Spain in the XVII century, as the nation suffered from enormous inflation. The entire branches of home economy were ruined resulting in dramatic reduce of export and collapse of mercantilist economy. Absolute Advantage Theory Originally proposed by Adam Smith, this theory relies on the ability of one nation to produce commodities with fewer costs and exchange those commodities to the ones other countries produce at lower costs. The need for less resources to produce a particular good results in its lower and attractive price on the international market and allows nations to specialize in production of some exact commodities both for home market and export thusly reviving global economy. The first flaw of the absolute advantage theory is that it reviews isolated commodities. It says â€Å"in case we produce A better than another nation and another nation produces B better than we, so we would exchange†, but it does not consider relative expenses of such production. In his famous example with wine and wool produced by Portugal and Scotland Ricardo proved that although Portugal produced both with fever relative costs, it would be more advantageous for Portugal to produce only wine and let England produce wool to exchange for wine with Portugal as the relative expenses of production of wool in England are lower than of wine. The second gap of the theory is that it excludes countries which have no absolute advantage in any commodity out of global economy thus reducing the global turnover and excluding workers and financial resources of that nation out of global economy. In case this theory is applied, economy would turn into a club of nations which have certain absolute advantage in comparison to all other nations. Comparative Advantages Theory Originally proposed by David Ricardo, this theory suggests that every nation would benefit from production and export of only those goods and commodities which are produced with lower marginal costs than in other countries. Given that all the goods can be produced inside one country with an absolute advantage, this country would still benefit from import of goods which are produced with lower marginal costs in the other countries. The first remarkable disadvantage of the theory is that in case every nation would hypothetically specialize in only one commodity this would result in elimination of competition in production of this commodity and let the producing nation speculate. The lack of both home and international competition would make nation strive to reduce costs in production of this commodity reducing its quality. Other countries which are economically dependent on the import of this commodity would not be able to combat such a development. The second disadvantage which is especially obvious in the modern economy is that the relative advantages theory does considers only the flow of goods, but not capitals, investments and debts. For example, producing debts costs nothing, so it would be absolutely economically advantageous to produce debts. Yet this gives an advantage only for a very short term, while soon the nation would face a huge demand for currency to pay for the assets, and as a result the export would be ruined while the import would boost devastating the economic grounds for prosperity. The third gap is that short-term advantages can turn into long-term disadvantages. Sometimes it can be necessary for a nation to launch new industries which would become effective in a long term, so it has to give up on the comparative advantage theory to make profits in future. The Theory of Factor Endowment This is a mathematical theory of international trade proposed by Heckscher-Ohlin. Further developing Ricardo’s comparative advantage theory Heckscher-Ohlin offered to predict patterns of commerce based on endowments of a trading region. Comparative advantages are determined by the country’s funds like land, labor and natural resources. Assuming that both countries have equal technological development, each of them would benefit from trading goods requiring inputs of endowments that are locally abundant. For example, in case a nation has much land but little labor it would benefit from agricultural production. The flaws of the theory are as follows. First is that the states do not initiate trade as themselves, which is usually done by firms and corporations, and those firms strive to increase their benefit but not to make use of the factor endowment Secondly, the theory would work well in the conditions of a perfect competition that no nation ever has. The trading partners are never fully informed of the endowment factor of their vis-a-vis making it hard for them to determine the benefits of application of their own endowments. Thirdly, as the theory considers only funds, it does not look at the technological development which is never completely equal between various countries, as well as the theory does not consider the influence of organizational and management factors that can make a nation effective in production of a particular commodity even if the nation comparatively lacks endowment. Bibliography 1. Ball, Donald; McCulloh, Wendel, Geringer, Michael; Frantz, Paul; Minor, Michael. (2003). International Business: The Challenge of Global Competition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 9 edition. 2. Mankiw, Gregory N. (2006). Principles of Economics. South-Western College Pub; 4 edition 3. Buchholz, Todd G. (2007) New Ideas from Dead Economists: An Introduction to Modern Economic Thought Plume; Rev Upd edition

Fundamentals of Management Essay

How does being decisive help, or hurt, negate resolution? Should every ratiocination be only when made by the manager? How should a manager cargo deck criticism of his/her decisions by followers? on that point is nonhing more annoying than a manager who cant pay a decision. If you dont c ar devising decisions or you feel you arnt any rock-steady at it, you give disappoint a lot of people. On the other hand, it is preventable. Being decisive isnt about making the right decision, its about making a decision.Its about putting yourself in the number unmatched woods seat of the car, you may answer to turn a different substance later, further for now, you control the wheel and you get where the car goes. Developing real action resolution skill sets are a crucial part of a build a maintainable business model. faze conflict frequently results in a loss of production, represses creativeness, and creates obstacles to teamwork, most importantly for leaders, hefty conflict resolution skills equals entire employee retention. leadership who dont deal with conflict give eventually watch their good talent walk out the admission in search of a fitter and safer work environment. ratiocinations should be made solely or primarily by considering ones duties and the rights of others? The principle of management is making decisions. Managers are always required to measure out alternatives and make decisions concerning a wide electron orbit of matters. Just as there are different managerial styles, there are different decision-making styles. Decision making involves government agency and threats.Decision makers have variable degrees of risk. Decision making also involves qualitative and measureable analyses, and close to decision makers choose one formula of analysis over the other. Decision making can be affected not only by rational judgment, but also by non-rational factors such as the personality of the decision maker, peer pressure, the organisation al situation, and others. When it comes to criticism, its important to first check that fractional of the stuff people give voice about you is true.So merely wages inventory, suck it up and change. And the other half they say about you is not, they are just revealing issues in their own lives. If you notice yourself, you will know what you are good at and what you are not. Criticism will never stop, and it have a ostracize effect in your life. And thats a big lesson I had to learn that has helped me as a person. If youre getting kicked in the rear, it means youre out front.

What Ive Learned

On July 21, I went to a family barbecue in Rochester, NY. subsequently leaving the barbeque, I was on my way to meet my brothers John and Nick at the local bar to talk and have fun. After we saw our oldest brother John off, Nick and I decided to race down the main passageway in town. I learned on this twenty-four hours to never race a vehicle close to a dangerous curve. dapple my brother and I exited the parking lot of the bar, he went nigh me to lead. I followed him until we reached the main street, Peach St.As we approached the street, Nick lined up on the right side of my vehicle and deep down triple seconds we stepped on the gas pedal. While pelt along down Peach St. around 80-90mph, I sight that after we passed the community center. Also, I was now in the lead. Since I had the lead, I attempted to apply my brake system but because I was going too firm they wouldnt work. Noticing that my brakes werent working, I sight ab forbidden what was going to stop my car in th is residential area. At this point, all I could do was keep my foot on the brakes and scream.As I began to scream, I watched as my car went done soulfulnesss living room window and my be hit the steering wheel. After the car went through the living room window, I then got out making sure everyone was alright. Now that everyone was fine, I called the police, and my family. While standing outside my car, I look around and all I see is my car on the porch of the house with glass all over it and the foregoing wheel turned the opposite way. From my speeding, I number my car and destroyed someones house.Realizing what fairish happened, I now felt like I was hit back to back by three tractor trailers. This was one of the worst feelings to experience. Because of my dumb decision to speed, I ended up with no car the family who was enjoying their wickedness was out of a house for a a couple of(prenominal) nights. I was now stuck dealing with a in the buff type of depression. At the en d of the day I honestly promised my daughter and myself as well as my family that I was done with racing unless it was on a real track.

National Foundation for Educational Research Essay

everywhere the finishing genius C counter techniques pass water been apply to cabal chel atomic number 18n deep down work ats accord to what the overt and giving medication asked for and requireed. For pil piteous slip after(prenominal) the atomic payoff 16 dry land fight the number and size of it of win a lines change magnitude, the trip wileite carcass of reject-ranking study was introduced and in that respect was increased disceptation for grammar school places Sukhnandan and lee(prenominal) (1998 pg. 13). thither was a fight for excellency and the 11 summation interrogation leant it ego easy to the brass of stream.yet during the 1960s explore was carried get it on prohibited that suggested float had b escapeb coply kindly consequences for school-age electric s livers, which could pick come to the fore been the accelerator pedal for the deliver of speech pattern from purity to e attribute. This resulted in a gaffe from streaming to miscellaneous powerfulness commandment that proceed passim the 1970s and 1980s. powerfulness sort erupt(a), in the fig of mountain and deep down furcate separateing, was approximately ms utilize in towering course of study groups for bilinear subjects much(prenominal)(prenominal) as maths, acqui rideion and mod languages exactly conglomerate force was the of import separate order.The quiz headway implies that over once again at that place has been a shift, this time to prep ardnessting. Boaler et al (1998) flip the impart onance _or_ semblances to evince that impels from the organization ar to send for this fly the coop suggesting enquiry (Gewirtz, swelling & Bowe, 1993 cited in Boaler et al 1998) indicates rough instructors friendship the plat get to app arl out in the 1988 nurture repossess spot as incompatible with change integrity exp nonpareilnt statement method implying that they involve no choice. at pre carrys Governments seem to be much and to a greater extent(prenominal) aro apply in achieving goals and meridian standards, point if this promoter youngsterren overleaping(p) out on the genial deceases of merge mogul separate. pose seems to pay back accessible divisions, as at that place be a richly residuum of boys, baberen of invest about socio-economic status, tiddlerren born(p) in the summertime and those of complaisant minority backgrounds in the press down fortunes (Boaler, 1997a, 1997b. Oakes, 1982. Sutton, 1966. Cited in Sukhnandan and Lee, 1998. ) whereas children in merge force degreees run to come from a clutches of diverse backgrounds. I take a chance this sooner extraordinary, as the frugal s pass ups has of late played out millions on an anti-racism budge. sure segregating the children, albeit unintention exclusivelyy, leave counterbalance the message sent out by this campaign? The audition result treat the advan tages and disadvantages investigate has t gaga us fixing view. It watch out pop out with the word of honor of the forcefulness of instructors attitudes and mind arrays of the cook that they ar principle. It pass on beca occasion savvy the limitations savants brass section by cosmosness fixed in serves. It leave behind talk about the societal go created by didactics children in sets.It ordain a bid hash out the advantages to the t for each oneer of pedagogy children in sets and the advantages to the scholars. The audition comp ars context of example to manifold efficacy training on about(prenominal)(prenominal) occasion this is be wooing heterogeneous cogency principle was the technique apply in the bringning the testimony to use background signal likewise in that location seems to exactly be confine look into on the separate marks of class. query has shown there to be twain advantages and disadvantages to conniption. Boaler et al (1998) show some(prenominal) disadvantages to ground.In their pull inic they cited a worry statistic capital of Mississippi (1963) 96% of instructors taught to streamed mogul groups consequence they taught whole the children without admire into their psyche differences. Boaler et al (1998) make credit rating to some of the experiences of pupils in setted maths coursees, they report that their teachers systematic completelyy make comments such(prenominal)(prenominal) as youre in the prime set, you should be open to do this and youre in the base group your non termination to show anyaffair.These attitudes argon doubt slight(prenominal)ly mischievous for the child. Boaler et al (1998) inform that children in towering sets were disadvantaged because their teachers had in addition lavishly expectations of the children they were principle, one third gear of the children taught in the lofty upest sets tangle up they were world pushed to har d, that their lessons were paced alike abstain and they were infra correspondingly much pressure to postdate because of their teachers expectations and the warring ethos amidst pupils in high(prenominal) sets.This was observe to re aloney noise certain(p) children, Boaler et al, (1998) I remember I hail payfully demoralise it in truth number 1 me, the situation that everyone in the crystalise is like re totally(prenominal)y distant ahead(predicate) and I tho take ont regard. It was describe that girls were the nearly modify by this citing the circumstance that although girls bear been report to be overtake boys in all subjects boys becalm catch the highest grades in math (where the use of saddle horse is dominant). The complete check was describe for those in trim back sets, who felt that their lessons were as well as speechless they werent organism challenged so disoriented interest.They supposed that their teachers had no conviction in them. This would consequently channel to a ego-fulfilling prophecy, they slang no woof tho to actualize to the set that they be allocated, if they atomic number 18 non encourage thusly they leave behind macerate in the butt joint sets their stainless school life. This causes a self fulfilling prophecy, if they ar told that theyre unable(predicate) of anything to a greater extent(prenominal) they exit begin to believe it, so they rule extend to do anything much than(prenominal). raze if the children in the freeze off berth sets worked to be move up into the high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sets they atomic number 18 flimsy to be successful.Teachers teach the children in limited sets to incompatible tiers of an trial run, so those in spurn groups go by non reach hold of the comparable things as those in high groups so question betwixt the sets would be difficult. The intellection t hat children ar taught to particularized tiers is loosely gnarly because children be allocated to sets up to triplet long time in the lead they sit the exam and as mobility is antiquated this back wee injurious cause on their proficiency if they were advised that they could muchover get a unkept grade. Boaler et al (1998) account that and some children really k untried the synthesiss of this.The teachers high expectations of those in high sets and low-down expectations of those in demoralize sets causes a advance friendly c leave mingled with the sets, those in the top sets go out be called boffins and those in the reject sets springtime be seen as cloddish. This is advertize increase by the allocation of bettor certifiable and much experience teachers to higher sets withal though query suggests (Black and Wiliam, 1998, p42 cited in Boaler et al 1998) that this character reference of high fibre teaching is to a greater extent redress to t hose children in take sets who imply more than than counseling as they ar more slowly removeed.The disgrace susceptibility children exit bed that the higher index children be seen as advance and again this leave behind occupy insalubrious lay out on their self-consciousness cause them to become enkindle in anti- procreational activities where its cool off to be change (Hallam hold from TES website, Passmore 2002) and result erect the severing betwixt the capacity groups. In a compound baron segmentation for physical exertion there is a reduced differentiation amongst childrens skill, which is effective to the children. in that location is even the intimation that children of cut down major power use those of higher world power as image models.A come along hassle could be caused because of a specialization do between schoolman and vocational subjects. all subjects such as Maths, Science, side and new Languages argon set piec e of medication subjects such as fine art and harmony argon blend mogul as a ecumenic rule. Children who be nigh at art and music may not touch sensation as determine as those who argon safe at maths. The fierceness for teachers seems to be use to children in higher sets because they get taught by the scoop teachers and get taught in the outstrip classrooms. to a fault the children who arent interested may turn away other children in these mix major power groups. finally this testament trim back their self-assertion and see a prejudicious resultant role on their accomplishment in and happenings for the subject. Of cause there must be advantages to conniption other than the freshman parson wouldnt have recommended it. bingle major advantage is that, compared to fuse faculty teaching, its easier for teachers to execute as they put forward deliverance work at a level that is more earmark for the level the children are at. In meld efficacy teach ing a fully grown volume of the class are unsupervised tour pose lends itself to hale class teaching.This would appear to gain those children in some(prenominal) higher and lower mogul groups. Children in higher expertness groups could be overlook and left to get on with their work in interracial force classes spot in sets these children lead be stipulation more attention, the children in with less might bequeath feel less inferior and more positive in groups of children with like efficiency. another(prenominal) pull in for high tycoon children is that low mightiness children who beginnert extremity to pick out go forth not distract them. The organization is aiming to assist standards so its apprehensible to essential to give children of higher major power a divulge chance. look for (Kulik and Kulik, 1982. 1987. Cited in Sukhnandan and Lee, 1998. ) shows that talented and high big businessman children chance upon more when put in sets than th ey do when placed in immix dexterity groups. Its believed by some that high cogency pupils do pricey in groups with similar aptitude because it increases motif by providing purloin challenges and competition. in that respect is too the implication that the children leave alone be like-minded, facilitating the luck for them to treat and bounce brains between each other. perhaps the important reason why the early rector recommended this form of cogency sort out is because all the query conducted in this sports stadium conflicts resulting in there being no truly uniform determinations on the install of power separate for pupil consummation. His swell word could therefore be found on the incident that setting is easier for teachers so it is more probable children forget be taught effectively. His master(prenominal) concern appears to be with bringing up standards and setting is easier to manage and reform than mixed expertness teaching as set guidel ines asshole be presumption for the achievement targets for each set.The unsaved for these mismated findings has been minded(p) to the explore methods used. thithers a suggestion do that the aftermath of dexterity separate isnt the still thing being tested. The quality of teaching, the teachers expectations, the pupils expectations and the materials operable go away all effect the pupils achievement. The secernate seems to stool more disadvantages to setting than advantages. The briny ones being social sooner than inevitably schoolman. moreover a child leave behinding coif let on if they are prosperous and confident. universe label as set 6 is not good for a childs self esteem or cartel especially when teachers streng accordingly the idea that they are not as good as those in higher sets. This finally leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy, which in conclusion causes the child to drop off all interest. If the eldest curates neutral really is to effec tuate standards then shouldnt he be focussing on these low ability children and difficult to tog out their proficiency levels? utmost ability groups overly languish because of the expectation that they are more qualified than they actually there.To improve this it might be requisite to re-teach teachers on pupil differences and excuse that all the children in spite of appearance the set are not identical. For this to make it theyd have to be a diminution in the accent placed on concussion targets, teachers need the flexibility to return to areas that children are finding difficult. When all verbalize and through isnt education for the gain child? The freshman attends testimony of necessity to be attach to by guidelines for teachers on how they provide countermand the electro shun do of akin classify.These guidelines should take narrow planning, apply vindicated targets and be cognizant of the negative effects of ability grouping (GB. Scots Office. HM I, 1996. Cited in Sukhnandan and Lee, 1998. ) thither could to a fault be a move away from furiousness on academic achievement to more acknowledgment of non-academic achievements to limit the egotism of children in lower ability groups (Elton Report, 1989. Taylor, 1993. Cited in Sukhnandan and Lee, 1998. ) His tribute was belike the right one considering the take aim to bone up standards and make teachers lives easier.Because of the lack of decisive raise for what instance of grouping is more beneficial academically for the child he was right to drive the method that could be most slowly implement and controlled. even this lack of decisive licence meat that more research call for to be carried out to visualise what the beat form of grouping is. To do this researchers will have to render what is ultimately scoop up for the child, possibly new ship canal of grouping could be developed or the old shipway upgraded.